Chapter 2. Types of Social Expectations

Abstract: This section examines the phenomenon of expectations through the works of classical and contemporary sociologists (Weber, Parsons, Schutz, Luhmann, etc.). Moving from abstract classification to a constructive method, the author distinguishes four types of expectations: pre-intentional (dreams/fantasies), rational-activity (plans/intentions), communicative-role (standardized norms), and background expectations (fixed attitudes in everyday life). The study demonstrates that expectations are a complex phenomenon that cannot be reduced to a single denominator, as identical manifestations may stem from entirely different underlying causes.