Author(s) / Editor(s):

 Mykola Shulga, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Principal Research Fellow at the Department of Social Psychology, Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
email: chebrec@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7763-7195

Year: 2025

Pages: 59–102

Publication language: Ukrainian

Publisher: Institute of Sociology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Type of Publication: chapter in edited volume

Publication Place: Kyiv

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/book8.978-617-14-0292-8.03

Abstract: This section examines the phenomenon of expectations through the works of classical and contemporary sociologists (Weber, Parsons, Schutz, Luhmann, etc.). Moving from abstract classification to a constructive method, the author distinguishes four types of expectations: pre-intentional (dreams/fantasies), rational-activity (plans/intentions), communicative-role (standardized norms), and background expectations (fixed attitudes in everyday life). The study demonstrates that expectations are a complex phenomenon that cannot be reduced to a single denominator, as identical manifestations may stem from entirely different underlying causes.